关于主谓一致的思维导图,以下是综合整理的核心内容:
一、主谓一致的基本原则
语法一致 单数主语(如he/she/it)+单数谓语,复数主语(如they/you)+复数谓语。
意义一致
- 并列主语: 若指同一人/物,谓语用单数(如Tom and Jerry are friends); 若指不同人/物,谓语用复数(如Tom likes apples, Jerry likes oranges)。 - 特殊结构
就近原则 谓语动词与最近的主语保持数的一致性(如not only...but also...结构)。
二、常见错误类型与解决方法
并列主语误
用
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- 错误:The teacher and the students are going on a picnic.
- 正确:The teacher is going on a picnic, and the students are.
- 解决方法:使用“each/everyone”或拆分主语。
介词短语影响主谓一致
- 正确:Nothing but the book was left on the table.
- 解决方法:根据介词前主语决定谓语形式。
不定式与动名词作主语
- 单数:Learning a new language is challenging.
- 复数:Swimming and running are my favorite hobbies.
- 解决方法:将and连接的两个动作视为单一概念。
三、特殊结构示例
with/along with: The meeting was attended by everyone except the CEO. but, except, besides
Neither the students nor the teacher passed the exam.
more than one/many a:
More than one book was damaged in the shipment.
四、易混淆点总结
集体名词:如class, team等,通常视为单数(如Our class is...);
不可数名词:如news, physics,无论单复数均用单数谓语(如The news is...);
部分否定句:如Nothing but trees was to be seen. 。
通过以上原则和示例,可系统掌握主谓一致的核心规则。实际应用中需结合语境灵活判断,注意并列主语的关联性。
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